Solanum nigrum, commonly known as black nightshade, is abundant in temperate and subtropical regions and is rich in bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins, which exhibit notable antimicrobial and anticancer properties. With advancements in nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have garnered significant attention due to their unique biological activities. In this study, silver nanoparticles synthesized from Solanum nigrum leaf extract (SAgNPs) were evaluated for their antibacterial and anticancer effects. The SAgNPs demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against pathogens such as Streptococcus sp., Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella typhimurium, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata. Additionally, they exhibited significant anticancer activity against the human gastric cancer (AGS) cell line, with an IC₅₀ of 77.647 ± 2.166 µg/mL. Treatment with SAgNPs induced the generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to apoptosis and DNA damage in cancer cells. Proteomic analysis via MALDI revealed differential expression of key proteins, including upregulation of PEBP1 and downregulation of BCL2L1 and SOD2, indicating that SAgNPs may inhibit cancer cell proliferation and possess potential prognostic value.
