Effective fault diagnosis is essential in sensitive applications like communication systems, medical devices, and aviation electronics. Traditional methods face limitations such as sensitivity to local minima, high complexity, and suboptimal test node selection. To overcome these, this research proposes a novel approach—Multi-Strategy Fault Diagnosis using Integrated Swarm Optimization (MSFD-ISO), which combines swarm-based techniques with the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). MSFD-ISO enhances fault detection accuracy and reduces false positives by efficiently selecting test nodes and exploring the solution space through gravitational modelling. Extensive simulations on various analog circuit fault scenarios demonstrate that MSFD-ISO outperforms conventional methods in terms of detection accuracy, computational efficiency, and adaptability, making it suitable for high-reliability applications.
