Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative condition of the cervical spine that affects over 85% of individuals above 60 and nearly 25% under 40. Although X-rays are the most accessible imaging modality, manual interpretation achieves only 68.3% accuracy, often requiring costly CT or MRI scans for confirmation. To address this limitation, we developed CervNet, a multimodal deep learning model that...

Hybrid cloud environments often face challenges in balancing workloads, managing resources, and ensuring resilience, which can lead to performance bottlenecks and higher costs. To address this, the Hyper Responsive Artificial Intelligent based Hybrid Cloud Load Balancer (HRAIHCLB) is proposed as an AI-driven system that integrates three key modules: the AI Driven Load Prediction Distributor...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are widely used in mission-critical domains such as environmental monitoring, industrial automation, and defense. However, they face two major challenges: vulnerability to malicious node attacks and high energy consumption, both of which degrade network performance and shorten operational lifespan. This study aims to develop a unified framework that simultaneously...

We propose a novel technique for high-density, all-optical magnetic recording based on vector diffraction theory. Our results demonstrate that a doughnut-shaped Gaussian beam with circular polarization (CPDGB), when tightly focused through a high numerical aperture (NA) lens, can generate nanoscale magnetization domains via the Inverse Faraday Effect. For NA = 0.85, the focused beam produces a...

Annona muricata leaves and fruits are known to possess notable pharmacological properties; however, a comprehensive analysis of their secondary metabolites remains limited. This study aimed to quantify the secondary metabolites present in various solvent extracts of A. muricata leaves and fruits. Among the solvents tested, ethanol extracts exhibited the highest concentrations of phenolic acids...

Sargassum wightii, marine seaweed from the family Sargassaceae, is renowned for its diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, antitoxic, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. These effects are attributed to the phytoconstituents present in the seaweed. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostic, phytochemical, and physicochemical profiles of S. wightii....

Water availability underpins both socioeconomic development and ecosystem sustainability. This study investigated the surface hydrological characteristics of the Bennihalla Basin, spanning Dharwad and Gadag districts in a hard rock terrain dominated by Archaean meta sedimentary rocks (Meta Greywackes and Granitoids). Thirty-seven soil samples were analyzed for moisture content, organic matter,...

To evaluate machine learning algorithms' mental workload estimation using NASA-TLX subjective evaluations in undergraduate students during multitasking. The study includes 74 students taking the Labin the Wild multitasking tests and NASA-TLX self-assessment. Participants rated six workload factors. KNN, Naive Bayes, and Extra Trees were tested using stratified k-fold cross-validation....

This review systematically evaluates the multiscale behavior, mechanical performance, and durability of various fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) systems tailored for tunnel lining applications. Traditional tunnel linings often suffer from limited post-cracking ductility and inadequate crack control under complex loading, leading to durability concerns and increased maintenance costs. By...

This study investigates passive flow control mechanisms to delay flow separation and enhance aerodynamic performance on wing surfaces. The NACA 2412 airfoil is selected for its high lift characteristics at low angles of attack. A flow velocity of 12 m/s is maintained, aligning with the rated wind speed of the subsonic wind tunnel and relevant non-dimensional parameters. The wing surface...

: This study focuses on addressing the issue of moisture ingress in polymer composites, a factor that often compromises structural performance and limits service life, especially in humid or outdoor conditions. A hybrid composite was fabricated using pineapple fibre as reinforcement and waste plastic particles as filler, aiming to improve resistance to water absorption. Composites with varying...

In this research, the properties of the 2-Amino-5-Bromo Benzaldehyde (2A5BB) molecule are studied using the Gaussian 16W software package, employing the B3LYP method with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Mulliken charge analysis shows that the most significant value of charge for C5 is due to the polar bond of the COH aldehyde, and the atoms constituting the nitrogen bond possess the smallest...

Landslides represent a recurrent hazard in mountainous regions, notably in the geologically fragile Nainital district of Uttarakhand, India. This study develops a data-driven landslide susceptibility model using k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Naive Bayes (NB) classifiers, integrating 273 inventoried landslide scars and eight geo-environmental conditioning factors. The dataset was partitioned into...

Nowadays, renewable energy sources are a good alternative to conventional energy sources like coal and fossil fuels, which pollute the environment, as they provide clean, sustainable, and eco-friendly power while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Finding sustainable solutions for the rapidly increasing global energy consumption has become one of the major challenges of the modern world, which...

The extracellular polymeric compounds found in bacterial biofilms make them highly resistant to traditional antibiotics, posing a serious threat to industrial systems, medical equipment, and human health. The inability of conventional therapies to break through biofilms frequently results in chronic infections, higher mortality rates, and financial losses. By utilizing the unique properties...

Frequent Pattern Mining (FPM) from streaming data poses significant challenges due to the need for real-time processing, limited memory availability, and handling the evolving nature of data. Existing algorithms often fall short in adapting to successive transactional updates, leading to reduced accuracy, inefficient memory usage, and poor scalability. To address these challenges, this study...

: A stable agricultural economy, food security, and quality of life largely depend on efficient plant Pest Detection (PD). Rapid insect and pest infestations severely affect annual crop yields, and existing detection methods often face security and performance limitations. Globally, researchers are exploring scientific approaches that leverage Cloud Computing (CC) systems for pest detection. To...

: Parking has become a significant issue in urban areas, especially as the majority of people in metro regions increasingly rely on private vehicles. With the growing popularity of Smart Parking (SP) systems based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and recent technological advancements, addressing parking challenges has become crucial. This research focuses on alleviating traffic congestion caused...

Anaemia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are prevalent comorbid conditions during pregnancy that significantly affect maternal health and fetal development. This study investigates the interrelationship between anaemia and GDM, their individual and synergistic influence on behavioural alterations, and the consequent implications for quality of life (QoL) among pregnant women. Conducted at...

Understanding soil infiltration characteristics is vital for effective water resource management, especially in semi-arid regions with complex geological settings. This study investigates the infiltration dynamics of different soil types in the semi-arid hard rock terrain of the Bennihalla Basin, with a focus on identifying potential sites for artificial groundwater recharge. In contrast, red...

This study presents a green, rapid, and eco-friendly method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Moringa oleifera leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. A visible color change from whitish-yellow to dark brown indicated nanoparticle formation, which was further, validated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks that lies at 460 nm in the UV–vis spectral...

The growing complexity of modern power distribution systems, coupled with increasing electricity demand, necessitates innovative solutions to minimize losses and enhance system efficiency. This paper focuses on the strategic placement and sizing of Distributed Generation (DG) units within a distribution network to achieve these objectives. Utilizing a hybrid analytical approach combining the...

This study focuses on the standardization of technology for producing prebiotic and probiotic yogurt and dessert utilizing enzyme-treated cellulosic polymer (CP) of psyllium husk and Lactobacillus sp. The research involved optimizing the xylanase enzyme procedure for partial hydrolysis of CP psyllium husk. Xylanase enzyme concentrations of 25, 30, and 35 units per gram were applied to the...

The increasing complexity of cyber threats in edge–cloud integrated infrastructures necessitates adaptive and intelligent security mechanisms that transcend the limitations of traditional machine learning approaches. This paper presents a novel hybrid security architecture that combines fuzzy clustering and fuzzy neural networks (FNN) to enhance intrusion detection in distributed edge...

Cardanol (3-pentadecenyl-phenol), a well-known non-edible natural oil obtained as a by-product of the Cashew Industry, represents a valid alternative to petro-based derivatives, thanks to its peculiar chemical structure. When selected as raw material in the synthesis of epoxy curing agents or polyols and diols for polyurethane applications, cardanol can impart unique benefits, like chemical...

The present study evaluated the potential of chitosan-assisted phytocompounds from Centella asiatica for antibacterial food packaging application. Chitosan, a natural polymer, is widely explored for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and inherent antibacterial qualities, making it suitable for developing delivery systems that enhance plant-derived compound stability, bioavailability, and...

The growing market need for sustainable cruelty-free materials enables research into fungal-based leather production as an animal leather substitution. The researchers studied fungal cultivation of Aspergillus niger on bread waste using solid-state fermentation to extract vegetable tannins from sawdust which became the base material for fungal leather production. Mycelial mats reaching high...

This study investigates the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions for impulsive fractional integro-differential equations (IFIDEs) in a Banach space, with particular emphasis on the Caputo–Katugampola fractional derivative. The analysis addresses the complexities introduced by impulsive effects and fractional-order dynamics using advanced mathematical tools. Specifically, the contraction...

Chromium (Cr) has currently been classified as a hazardous heavy metal due to its toxic effects on both human health and plants growth. This study investigates the restorative effect of phosphorus (P) on Solanum lycopersicum under chromium-induced toxicity. Plant growth was reduced by the addition of 25 mg/L Cr treatment when compared with control, while it was improved by the addition of 13% of...

Flood is a serious natural hazard, and assessing the risk is an efficient approach for proper planning. Flood studies require accurate data to cover areas of interest, which can be obtained using remote sensing images in a given region. In this study, flood risk mapping was assessed in Eastern Iraq, using GPM precipitation measurements and the STRM digital elevation model. Four criteria were...

Conventional concrete strength testing methods, such as cube compression, are destructive and time-consuming, and delaying critical construction decisions. This study aims to validate the Concrete Maturity Meter (CMM), a non-destructive, real-time monitoring tool based on the maturity method, for assessing compressive strength in M20, M25, and M30 concrete grades using OPC and PPC cement with...

We introduce and investigate the “fair domination subdivision number” of a graph, a new parameter that combines the concepts of fair domination and edge subdivision. A fair dominating set of a graph His a dominating setJ is a subset of V such that every vertex in V∖J is adjacent to the same number of vertices in J. The “fair domination number”, denotedγ_fd (H), is the minimum...

Interest and awareness of consumption of healthy foods and their benefits have attracted the consumer’s attention towards probiotics. Probiotics are found to afford a number of health benefits, like existence in extreme gastrointestinal environment and their viability during their transit from ingestion to intestine serves as a major challenge. This challenge is addressed by coating the...

The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer potential of Bacopa monnieri phytocompounds against breast cancer using in silico validation. Thirteen phytocompounds from Bacopa monnieri, along with two conventional anti-cancer drugs, were selected for virtual screening to identify novel therapeutics. Drug-likeness, molecular docking, ADMET, and DFT analyses were performed. Among the...

Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, plays a vital role in treating serious Gram-negative infections. Due to its narrow therapeutic window and associated risks of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, precise therapeutic drug monitoring is essential to ensure patient safety. Various analytical methods have been developed for quantifying gentamicin in pharmaceutical formulations and biological...