This research explores a smart, wireless, Internet of Things (IoT)-based system to monitor a 125-watt photovoltaic (PV) module. The proposed system continuously monitors current, voltage, irradiance, and temperature, addressing challenges posed by fluctuating solar output due to environmental conditions, panel status, and dirt accumulation. A Wi-Fi-enabled microcontroller ensures the persistent transmission of system data to a cloud platform, facilitating remote performance evaluation via smartphones or computers. The experimental findings have shown that the proposed wireless monitoring system leads to improvement of reliability of PV, low operational costs, and ease of maintenance. The results verify that compared to the traditional simulation tools, proposed real-time, remote monitoring results in more efficient PV operation and facilitates increased yields and better management of the systems. Finally, this study is imperative to the field of sustainable energy since it is aimed at the development of efficient methods of monitoring and controlling of PV systems based on the conditions of reducing the reserves of fossil fuel and increasing the value of alternative sources of clean energy.
