A small percentage of pesticides employed reach their intended target, with the rest seeping through the soil and harming ground- and surface water resources. Analytical approaches for monitoring pesticides in environmental samples were the focus of a wide range of investigations. Nanocomposites—comprising nanoparticles integrated significantly improved sensor performance. The presence of peaks at 1458.81 cm⁻¹ and 1274.46 cm⁻¹ further confirms C–O stretching, while the Zn nanoparticle spectrum displays a Zn–O stretching band at 562.92 cm⁻¹, verifying successful Zn nanoparticle formation through FTIR. SWCNT exhibits a relatively smooth and homogeneous surface with minimal roughness, indicative of well-dispersed nanotubes. The structural characteristics of SWCNT, potentially enhancing its performance in applications such as sensing, catalysis, and energy storage. The high surface area and excellent conductivity of SWCNTs enhance charge transfer kinetics, while Zn nanoparticles provide active catalytic sites. Electrochemical analysis methods with high sensitivity, selectivity, precision, and accuracy are used in the majority of pesticide control applications. The electrochemical behaviour of parathion pesticides is described using cyclic voltammetry, square wave stripping voltammetry, chronocoulometry and controlled potential coulometric techniques. An electroanalytical procedure to determine the pesticide using stripping voltammetry with square wave method is developed. Prior to the electrochemical measurement of parathion pesticides in real samples, the experimental parameters, such as pH and nanosensor concentration, were optimized. The parathion studied in the linear range of 50−300 ppb was determined on modified electrode system. The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 8.9 nM/mL.
